{"topic":{"id":12132,"title":"库恩的范式论","slug":"topic","categoryId":61,"createdAt":"2024-05-14 13:18:51.514669","bumpedAt":"2024-05-15 07:21:17.849113","views":161,"postsCount":5,"highestPostNumber":5,"likeCount":3,"closed":false,"pinned":false,"pinnedGlobally":false,"pinnedAt":null,"pinnedUntil":null,"isBanner":false,"excerpt":"略读了这本科学哲学概论书 \"What is this thing called Science\" by AF Chalmers. 见过几个老师言必称范式，不无道理。范式论把“历史”的视角引入了对科学的解释。科学发展被概括为几个阶段，前科学--常规科学--危机--科学革命--新的常规科学--新的危机。前科学表示那些不成熟的科学理论范式；而当范式成熟，就有人在认同范式的假设下，进行实验和对现象做出解释；当范式对新的现象给出的解释过于牵强、甚…","deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"category":{"id":61,"name":"读书分享","slug":"reading","color":"8C6238"},"author":{"id":346,"username":"hoist","name":null,"avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/0d/cd/0dcdf69d213b6798002779ad4b729567cd4d889ee4a56c07a8c4454e8b563219.avif"},"tags":[]},"posts":[{"id":32222,"postNumber":1,"raw":"略读了这本科学哲学概论书 \"What is this thing called Science\" by AF Chalmers.\n\n见过几个老师言必称范式，不无道理。范式论把“历史”的视角引入了对科学的解释。科学发展被概括为几个阶段，前科学--常规科学--危机--科学革命--新的常规科学--新的危机。前科学表示那些不成熟的科学理论范式；而当范式成熟，就有人在认同范式的假设下，进行实验和对现象做出解释；当范式对新的现象给出的解释过于牵强、甚至失败时，危机到来；而新的更具解释力的范式趁机获得的对原范式动摇的支持者，正是所谓科学革命。\n\n这套理论挺有优势，我想能解释为何民科一些很难验证真假的理论根本没人管，因为民科理论不在常规范式中论述，提出的新范式的生命力又远远比不过常规范式，被冷落也是自然的。\n\n这理论还有缺点，比如没解释新范式为何进步。但是我不研究科学哲学，从实用角度，其他理论对我意义不大，如“研究纲领”（和范式类似）、“新实验主义”、“无政府主义科学”。了解科学哲学，不至于被一连串黑乌鸦后的白乌鸦唬住，也就够了。","cooked":"

略读了这本科学哲学概论书 \"What is this thing called Science\" by AF Chalmers.

见过几个老师言必称范式，不无道理。范式论把“历史”的视角引入了对科学的解释。科学发展被概括为几个阶段，前科学--常规科学--危机--科学革命--新的常规科学--新的危机。前科学表示那些不成熟的科学理论范式；而当范式成熟，就有人在认同范式的假设下，进行实验和对现象做出解释；当范式对新的现象给出的解释过于牵强、甚至失败时，危机到来；而新的更具解释力的范式趁机获得的对原范式动摇的支持者，正是所谓科学革命。

这套理论挺有优势，我想能解释为何民科一些很难验证真假的理论根本没人管，因为民科理论不在常规范式中论述，提出的新范式的生命力又远远比不过常规范式，被冷落也是自然的。

这理论还有缺点，比如没解释新范式为何进步。但是我不研究科学哲学，从实用角度，其他理论对我意义不大，如“研究纲领”（和范式类似）、“新实验主义”、“无政府主义科学”。了解科学哲学，不至于被一连串黑乌鸦后的白乌鸦唬住，也就够了。

\n","createdAt":"2024-05-14 13:18:51.596512","updatedAt":"2024-05-14 13:18:51.596512","replyToPostNumber":null,"replyCount":0,"likeCount":2,"wordCount":404,"liked":false,"bookmarked":false,"polls":[],"reactions":[{"reaction":"💯️","count":1,"users":[{"id":1288,"username":"LittleWangInShanghai","name":"小王在上海"}],"hasReacted":false},{"reaction":"🥰️","count":1,"users":[{"id":1929,"username":"Quit","name":"Qwen"}],"hasReacted":false},{"reaction":"❤️","count":2,"users":[{"id":1288,"username":"LittleWangInShanghai","name":"小王在上海"},{"id":1929,"username":"Quit","name":"Qwen"}],"hasReacted":false}],"wiki":false,"version":1,"publicVersion":1,"deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"user":{"id":346,"username":"hoist","name":null,"avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/0d/cd/0dcdf69d213b6798002779ad4b729567cd4d889ee4a56c07a8c4454e8b563219.avif","admin":false,"moderator":false,"signatureRaw":null,"signatureCooked":null}},{"id":32225,"postNumber":2,"raw":"民科的理论被冷落的原因是其缺乏逻辑，一个理论对错/是否常规都不重要，但是逻辑不会错。\n所有学科都有被淘汰的过时理论，但是不会被称为民科，因为他们只是某些假设错了，内在的逻辑是严密的","cooked":"

民科的理论被冷落的原因是其缺乏逻辑，一个理论对错/是否常规都不重要，但是逻辑不会错。
\n所有学科都有被淘汰的过时理论，但是不会被称为民科，因为他们只是某些假设错了，内在的逻辑是严密的

\n","createdAt":"2024-05-14 14:02:30.066027","updatedAt":"2024-05-14 14:03:42.739378","replyToPostNumber":null,"replyCount":1,"likeCount":1,"wordCount":89,"liked":false,"bookmarked":false,"polls":[],"reactions":[{"reaction":"❤️","count":1,"users":[{"id":346,"username":"hoist","name":null}],"hasReacted":false}],"wiki":false,"version":1,"publicVersion":1,"deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"user":{"id":650,"username":"AdvisorUploadBot1","name":"AdvisorUploadBot1","avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/02/36/0236028412afac37de85af1c94081c73f9bb07e13e7b33985f171687b0e7508f.avif","admin":false,"moderator":false,"signatureRaw":"本账户已完成使命","signatureCooked":"

本账户已完成使命

\n"}},{"id":32269,"postNumber":3,"raw":"部分同意。逻辑给了很多理论推演的动力。但是逻辑我觉得只能算是其中一个维度，衡量理论生命力的一个最重要维度。有些理论不需要完备的逻辑，比如中医理论。","cooked":"

部分同意。逻辑给了很多理论推演的动力。但是逻辑我觉得只能算是其中一个维度，衡量理论生命力的一个最重要维度。有些理论不需要完备的逻辑，比如中医理论。

\n","createdAt":"2024-05-14 23:46:39.795717","updatedAt":"2024-05-14 23:46:39.795717","replyToPostNumber":2,"replyCount":0,"likeCount":0,"wordCount":73,"liked":false,"bookmarked":false,"polls":[],"reactions":[],"wiki":false,"version":1,"publicVersion":1,"deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"user":{"id":346,"username":"hoist","name":null,"avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/0d/cd/0dcdf69d213b6798002779ad4b729567cd4d889ee4a56c07a8c4454e8b563219.avif","admin":false,"moderator":false,"signatureRaw":null,"signatureCooked":null}},{"id":32271,"postNumber":4,"raw":"中医就是逻辑很严密，只不过开始的假设错了。如果你假设阴阳五行成立，那中医那些推论都是正确的","cooked":"

中医就是逻辑很严密，只不过开始的假设错了。如果你假设阴阳五行成立，那中医那些推论都是正确的

\n","createdAt":"2024-05-14 23:54:30.248865","updatedAt":"2024-05-14 23:54:30.248865","replyToPostNumber":null,"replyCount":1,"likeCount":0,"wordCount":45,"liked":false,"bookmarked":false,"polls":[],"reactions":[],"wiki":false,"version":1,"publicVersion":1,"deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"user":{"id":650,"username":"AdvisorUploadBot1","name":"AdvisorUploadBot1","avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/02/36/0236028412afac37de85af1c94081c73f9bb07e13e7b33985f171687b0e7508f.avif","admin":false,"moderator":false,"signatureRaw":"本账户已完成使命","signatureCooked":"

本账户已完成使命

\n"}},{"id":32292,"postNumber":5,"raw":"中医更多是一种哲学，一种系统论。","cooked":"

中医更多是一种哲学，一种系统论。

\n","createdAt":"2024-05-15 07:21:17.849113","updatedAt":"2024-05-15 07:21:17.849113","replyToPostNumber":4,"replyCount":0,"likeCount":0,"wordCount":16,"liked":false,"bookmarked":false,"polls":[],"reactions":[],"wiki":false,"version":1,"publicVersion":1,"deletedAt":null,"isAnonymous":false,"user":{"id":1288,"username":"LittleWangInShanghai","name":"小王在上海","avatarUrl":"/uploads/image/63/d2/63d25f4f2f6693f9ab450f32bd8d04e2d29f96a980b51555a585423f113c4a58.avif","admin":false,"moderator":false,"signatureRaw":null,"signatureCooked":null}}],"hasMore":false,"lastReadPostNumber":1,"hasUrlPostNumber":false}